Twilight (series)

Twilight
The twilight saga hardback.jpg
Complete set of the four books
of the Twilight series and the spin-off novella, The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner.
Author Stephenie Meyer
Country United States
Language English
Genre Romance, fantasy, young-adult fiction
Publisher Little, Brown and Company
Published 2005–2008
Media type Print

Twilight is a series of four vampire-based fantasy romance novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. It charts a period in the life of Isabella "Bella" Swan, a teenage girl who moves to Forks, Washington, and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of Eclipse and Part II of Breaking Dawn being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf. The unpublished Midnight Sun is a retelling of the first book, Twilight, from Edward Cullen's point of view. The novella The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in Eclipse, was published on June 5, 2010 as a hardcover book and on June 7 as a free online ebook.[1]

Since the release of the first novel, Twilight, in 2005, the books have gained immense popularity and commercial success around the world. The series is most popular among young adults; the four books have won multiple awards, most notably the 2008 British Book Award for "Children's Book of the Year" for Breaking Dawn,[2] while the series as a whole won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book.[3]

As of March 2010, the series has sold over 100 million copies worldwide[4] with translations into at least 38 different languages around the globe.[5][6] The four Twilight books have consecutively set records as the biggest selling novels of 2008 on the USA Today Best-Selling Books list[7] and have spent over 235 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Series Books.[8]

Thus far, the first three books have been made into a series of motion pictures by Summit Entertainment; the film adaptation of Twilight was released in 2008 and the second, The Twilight Saga: New Moon, was released on November 20, 2009.[9] The third film, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, was released June 30, 2010.

Contents

Plot overview

Twilight

Main article: Twilight (novel)

Bella Swan moves from Phoenix, Arizona to live with her father in Forks, Washington to allow her mother to travel with her new husband, a minor league baseball player. After moving to Forks, Bella finds herself involuntarily drawn to a mysterious, handsome boy, Edward Cullen. She eventually learns that he is a member of a vampire family who drinks animal blood rather than human. Edward and Bella fall in love, but James, a sadistic vampire from another vampire coven, is drawn to hunt down Bella. Edward and the other Cullens defend Bella. She escapes to Phoenix, Arizona, where she is tricked into confronting James, who tries to kill her. She is seriously wounded, but Edward rescues her and they return to Forks, having killed James.

Photo of a three-lane main street in a small town. Visible is a traffic light, sparse traffic, and businesses such as a car lot and gas station.
Forks, Washington

New Moon

Main article: New Moon (novel)

Edward and his family leave Forks because he believes he is endangering Bella's life. Bella falls into a deep depression, until she develops a strong friendship with Jacob Black, who she discovers can shape shift into a wolf. Jacob and the other wolves in his tribe must protect her from Victoria, a vampire seeking to avenge the death of her mate James, by killing Bella. A misunderstanding occurs, and Edward believes Bella is dead. Edward decides to commit suicide in Volterra, Italy, but he is stopped by Bella, who is accompanied by Edward's sister, Alice. They meet with the Volturi, a powerful vampire coven, and are released only on the condition that Bella be turned into a vampire in the near future. Bella and Edward are reunited, and she and the Cullens return to Forks.

Eclipse

The vampire Victoria (James' mate from Twilight) has created an army of "newborn" vampires to battle the Cullen family and murder Bella for revenge. Meanwhile, Bella is compelled to choose between her relationship with Edward and her friendship with Jacob. Edward's vampire family and Jacob's werewolf pack join forces to successfully destroy Victoria and her vampire army. In the end, Bella chooses Edward's love over Jacob's and agrees to marry him.

Breaking Dawn

Main article: Breaking Dawn

Bella and Edward are married, but their honeymoon is cut short when Bella discovers that she is pregnant. Her pregnancy progresses rapidly, severely weakening her. She nearly dies giving birth to her and Edward's half-vampire-half-human daughter, Renesmee, but Edward injects Bella with his venom to save her life and turns her into a vampire. A vampire from another coven sees Renesmee and mistakes her for an "immortal child". She informs the Volturi, as the existence of such beings violates vampire law. The Cullens gather vampire witnesses who can verify that Renesmee is not an immortal child. After an intense confrontation, the Cullens and their witnesses convince the Volturi that the child poses no danger to vampires or their secret, and they are left in peace by the Volturi.

Main characters

Setting

Photo of an Italian town on a hillside, with a six-sided tower and tiled roof tops.
Volterra

The story is set primarily in the town of Forks, Washington, where Bella and her father, Charlie Swan, live. Other cities in Washington briefly appear in the series or are mentioned, such as Port Angeles, Olympia, Seattle and La Push. Some events in Twilight take place in Phoenix, Arizona, where Bella was raised. Volterra, Italy, is featured in New Moon, when Edward travels there to commit suicide and Bella rushes to save him. Jacksonville, Florida, is mentioned first in Twilight and second in Eclipse, when Edward and Bella visit Bella's mother, who has moved there with her new husband. Seattle, Washington, is featured in Breaking Dawn when Jacob tries to escape his love for Bella, and when Bella tries to locate a man named J. Jenks. It is also the location of a series of murders committed by newborn vampires in Eclipse Bella and Edward spend their honeymoon on a fictional "Isle Esme", purportedly off the coast of Brazil.

Structure and genre

The Twilight series falls under the genre of young adult, fantasy, and romance, though Meyer categorized her first book, Twilight, as "suspense romance horror comedy".[10] However, she states that she considers her books as "romance more than anything else".[10] The series explores the unorthodox romance between human Bella and vampire Edward, as well as the love triangle between Bella, Edward, and Jacob, a werewolf.[11] The books avoid delving into provocative sex, drugs, and harsh swearing because, according to Meyer, "I don't think teens need to read about gratuitous sex."[12]

The books are written in first-person narrative, primarily through Bella's eyes with the epilogue of the third book and a part of the fourth book being from Jacob's point of view. When asked about the structure of the novel, Meyer described her difficulty to pinpoint the premise of the novels to any specific category:

I have a hard time with that. Because if I say to someone, 'You know, it's about vampires,' then immediately they have this mental image of what the book is like. And it's so not like the other vampire books out there–Anne Rice's and the few that I've read. It isn't that kind of dark and dreary and blood-thirsty world. Then when you say, 'It's set in high school,' a lot of people immediately put it in another pool. It's easy to pigeonhole with different descriptions.[13]

The books are based on the vampire myth, but Twilight vampires differ in a number of particulars from the general vampire lore. For instance, Twilight vampires have strong piercing teeth rather than fangs; they glitter in sunlight rather than burn; and they can drink both animal blood as well as human blood. Meyer comments that her vampire mythology differs from that of other authors because she wasn't informed about the canon vampires, saying,

It wasn't until I knew that Twilight would be published that I began to think about whether my vampires were too much the same or too much different from the others. Of course, I was far too invested in my characters at that point to be making changes... so I didn't cut out fangs and coffins and so forth as a way to distinguish my vampires; that's just how they came to me.[14]

Inspiration and themes

According to the author, her books are "about life, not death" and "love, not lust".[15] Each book in the series was inspired by and loosely based on a different literary classic: Twilight on Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, New Moon on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Eclipse on Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights, and Breaking Dawn on a second Shakespeare play, A Midsummer Night's Dream.[16] Meyer also states that Orson Scott Card and L. M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables series are a big influence on her writing.[13]

Other major themes of the series include choice and free will.[13][17] Meyer says that the books are centered around Bella's choice to choose her life on her own, and the Cullens' choices to abstain from killing rather than follow their temptations: "I really think that's the underlying metaphor of my vampires. It doesn't matter where you're stuck in life or what you think you have to do; you can always choose something else. There's always a different path."[17]

Meyer, a Mormon, acknowledges that her faith has influenced her work. In particular, she says that her characters "tend to think more about where they came from, and where they are going, than might be typical."[12] Meyer also steers her work from subjects such as sex, despite the romantic nature of the novels. Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be Mormon-influenced, or to promote the virtues of sexual abstinence and spiritual purity, but admits that her writing is shaped by her values, saying, "I don't think my books are going to be really graphic or dark, because of who I am. There's always going to be a lot of light in my stories."[18]

Origins and publishing history

Stephenie Meyer says that the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. The dream was about a human girl, and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood. Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the transcript of what is now chapter 13 of the book.[19] Despite having very little writing experience, in a matter of three months she had transformed that dream into a completed novel.[17] After writing and editing the novel, she signed a three-book deal with Little, Brown and Company for $750,000, an unusually high amount for a first time author.[20] Megan Tingley, the editor who signed Meyer, says that halfway through the reading manuscript she realized that she had a future bestseller in her hands.[21] The book was released in 2005.

Following the success of Twilight, Meyer expanded the story into a series with three more books: New Moon (2006), Eclipse (2007), and Breaking Dawn (2008). In its first week after publication, the first sequel, New Moon, debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller List for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the #1 position, where it remained for the next eleven weeks. In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list.[22] After the release of Eclipse, the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller List.[17] The fourth installment of the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies.[23] Over 1.3 million copies were sold on the first day alone, setting a record in first-day sales performance for the Hachette Book Group USA.[24] Upon the completion of the fourth entry in the series, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would be the final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective.[25] In 2008, the four books of the series claimed the top four spots on USA Today's year-end bestseller list, making Meyer the first author to ever achieve this feat.[26] The series then won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book, where it competed against the Harry Potter series.[3]

Future books

Meyer originally planned to write a companion book to Twilight called Midnight Sun, which would be the story of Twilight told from Edward Cullen's point-of-view. She stated that Twilight was the only book that she planned to rewrite from Edward's perspective.[27] However, a rough draft of Midnight Sun's first twelve chapters were leaked on the internet. Stephenie Meyer has since put these twelve chapters on her website so that her fans could read them for free,[28] but has put the project on hold indefinitely due to her feelings about the situation. She stated,

If I tried to write Midnight Sun now, in my current frame of mind, James would probably win and all the Cullens would die, which wouldn't dovetail too well with the original story. In any case, I feel too sad about what has happened to continue working on Midnight Sun, and so it is on hold indefinitely.[29]

Though she has no current plans to do so, Meyer has also stated that if she were to continue writing in the same universe she would write from the perspective of either Leah Clearwater or Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee Cullen.[30]

On March 16, 2010 Yen Press released Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 1, a graphic novel based on the first book in the series.[31] On March 30, 2010, Meyer revealed on her official website that she will be releasing a new novella in the series, The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in Eclipse, on June 5, 2010.[1] An electronic version of the book was made available free from her web site, as well as in bookstores.[32]

Reception, influence and controversy

Literary criticism and reception

When initially published, Twilight garnered much critical acclaim[33] with Seattle Post-Intelligencer calling the book a "hot new teen novel",[34] and The Times lauded it for capturing "perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation."[35] Larry Carroll for MTV Movies has deemed Edward and Bella an "iconic love story for a whole generation".[36] Amazon.com hailed Twilight as "deeply romantic and extraordinarily suspenseful", while School Library Journal stated, "Realistic, subtle, succinct, and easy to follow, Twilight will have readers dying to sink their teeth into it."[37] Other reviews described Twilight as an "exquisite fantasy",[37] and a "gripping blend of romance and horror".[38]

Lev Grossman of Time wrote that the books have a "pillowy quality distinctly reminiscent of Internet fan fiction", but still praised the series, comparing it to The Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter:

People do not want to just read Meyer's books; they want to climb inside them and live there...There's no literary term for the quality Twilight and Harry Potter (and The Lord of the Rings) share, but you know it when you see it: their worlds have a freestanding internal integrity that makes you feel as if you should be able to buy real estate there.[17]

Outlining the anticipated release of Breaking Dawn, The Sunday Times called Twilight "no ordinary vampire series – it boils with desire that all goes painfully unconsummated – and Meyer turns out to be far from an ordinary author."[39] The Times wrote, "The vampires that sank their fangs into Harry Potter were born in the low desert of Arizona. They arrived in a dream, were immediately translated to paper, spread through the adolescent population like a virus and transmogrified into a publishing phenomenon."[40] The San Diego Union-Tribune described the books as a "classic tale of undying love, one that has fans gushing about a Harry Potter-with-fangs global phenomenon."[41] The Guardian described Meyer as an "imaginative storyteller, a prolific author and a newly powerful figure in the publishing market."[42]

In an interview with USA Today, US president Barack Obama said that he and his ten-year-old daughter, Malia, often bond over the Twilight books,[43] while Kelly Clarkson has described herself as a "Twilight nerd" and even wrote a song based on New Moon.[44] Emily Osment described Twilight as one of her "all-time-favorite books" and praised Stephenie Meyer, saying, "From the first chapter, Meyer grabbed my attention and kept me enthralled throughout the entire book. The characters contrast so greatly, I found myself wondering how she pieced them so seamlessly."[45]

As well, Emma Watson has described herself as a Twilight fan and said, "I love those books ... I literally felt depressed when I finished reading them".[46]

An Arabic Twilight promotional poster in a bookshop in Dubai. By late 2009, the books had reportedly sold 100,000 copies in English across the UAE.[47]

Referring to the series' enduring popularity and fandom, USA Today said, "Move over, Harry Potter".[48] In addition, Entertainment Weekly hailed Meyer as "the world's most popular vampire novelist since Anne Rice".[49] The New York Times has described Twilight as a "literary phenomenon",[50] and Matt Arado of Daily Herald noted that the Twilight books have become the "hottest publishing phenomenon since a certain bespectacled wizard cast his spell on the world."[51]

The widespread appeal of the Twilight novels and the huge online fan community of the series are often noted,[52][53] and the author and the series' popularity are often compared with J. K. Rowling and Harry Potter.[9][17] Describing the fan following of the books, the Phoenix New Times wrote, "Meyer's fandom is reminiscent of Harry Potter mania."[21] The Daily Telegraph agreed and described Twilight as the "spiritual successor to Harry Potter".[54] Rebekah Bradford of The Post and Courier noted that that the series has a "huge crossover appeal much like the Harry Potter books before them."[55] Meyer responds to such comparisons, saying, "It's terribly flattering to be compared to her, but there's never going to be another J. K. Rowling; that's a phenomenon that's not gonna happen again", however noting that "you can compare my fans to her fans more easily [than me to her]. I do think that we both have people who are just really really enthusiastic, and will come miles to see you and be involved, and everybody really cares about our characters."[56] Crystal Mack of Daily Herald noted, "While teenage girls are the main audience, young boys and adults of both genders have also been swept up in the phenomenon."[57] According to the Daily Telegraph, "Stephenie Meyer, in particular, has achieved incredible success across all the English-speaking nations and Europe and many will say that her Twilight series has filled the hole left by Harry Potter."[58]

A social networking community for Twilight fans has over 350,000 members at the series' official site, and the series has spawned hundreds of fansites.[59] The Twilight series' popularity and enthusiastic fan following have grabbed media attention and been dubbed "The Twilight Phenomenon",[60][61] with Gina McIntyre of the Los Angeles Times calling Twilight "a full-blown pop culture phenomenon".[62] Fans of Meyer are noted to "dress up like her characters. They write their own stories about them and post their tales on the Internet. When she appears at a bookstore, 3,000 people go to meet her. There are Twilight-themed rock bands."[17] The popularity of the Twilight series have also given rise to licensing of various merchandise and products, including T-shirts, action figures, posters and stand-ups, watches, board games, contacts and journals.[63][64]

The Irish Times noted, "The Twilight books...have generated a movement that strains definitions of the word 'cult'."[65]

A store catering to tourists interested in the Twilight series in Forks, Washington.

Economically, the town of Forks, Washington, the setting for the Twilight series, has improved due to tourism from fans of the books.[66] Forks is visited by an average of 8,000 tourists per month,[67] and has been described as a "mecca for Twilighters".[68] Many of the restaurants have Twilight-themed menus and the shops sell Twilight-related items.[67] The town also hosts Twilight tours, which visit places such as La Push's First Beach, the hospital where Carlisle Cullen supposedly works, and a two-story house meant to portray the Swan residence.[66] In response to plans for the aging Forks High School to be renovated, Twilight fans have teamed up with Infinite Jewelry Co. and the West Olympic Peninsula Betterment Association to collect donations in an attempt to save the brick appearance or the building altogether.[69] In addition, an annual "Stephenie Meyer Day" is celebrated in Forks on September 13, the birthday of character Bella Swan.[70]

While comparing Stephenie Meyer to JK Rowling, Stephen King said, "the real difference [between J. K. Rowling and Meyer] is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn. She's not very good."[71][72] However, King understood the appeal of the series, adding, "People are attracted by the stories, by the pace and in the case of Stephenie Meyer, it's very clear that she's writing to a whole generation of girls and opening up kind of a safe joining of love and sex in those books. It's exciting and it's thrilling and it's not particularly threatening because it's not overtly sexual."[72]

Laura Miller of Salon.com wrote that "the characters, such as they are, are stripped down to a minimum, lacking the texture and idiosyncrasies of actual people", and said that "Twilight would be a lot more persuasive as an argument that an 'amazing heart' counts for more than appearances if it didn't harp so incessantly on Edward's superficial splendors."[73] Miller also accused the series of sexism in its portrayal of female characters, most notably Bella Swan's obsessive behavior relating to Edward Cullen and the emphasis on his romantic hero status.[73] Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, arguing both that the books center around Bella's choice, which she perceives as the foundation of modern feminism, and that Bella's damsel in distress persona is due only to her humanity.[74] Meyer also added, "Just because [Bella] doesn't do kung fu and she cooks for her father doesn't make her worthy of that criticism".[75] In another feminist critique of the series, Bitch magazine stated the novels' appeal were due to their being "abstinence porn", concluding that, "In reality, the abstinence message—wrapped in the genre of abstinence porn—objectifies Bella in the same ways that "real" porn might. The Twilight books conflate Bella losing her virginity with the loss of other things, including her sense of self and her very life. Such a high-stakes treatment of abstinence reinforces the idea that Bella is powerless, an object, a fact that is highlighted when we get to the sex scenes in Breaking Dawn."[76]

However, Shannon Simcox of The Daily Collegian has dismissed the criticism surrounding Bella, commenting, "While Bella plays the perfect damsel in distress that gets herself into sticky situations, she is also very in control of herself. She chose to move to Forks and be in a new place; she constantly faces a bunch of people who want to suck the life right out of her, and she is constantly pleading to become a vampire, too, so she can take care of herself and Edward.[77]

The prose and plotting of the series have also been criticized by Elizabeth Hand of Washington Post, who wrote, "Meyer's prose seldom rises above the serviceable, and the plotting is leaden".[78] The article, featured on the Yahoo! website Shine, also criticized the books and the author's final word on the series was, "Good books deal with themes of longing and loneliness, sexual passion and human frailty, alienation and fear just as the Twilight books do. But they do so by engaging us with complexities of feeling and subtleties of character, expressed in language that rises above banal mediocrity. Their reward is something more than just an escape into banal mediocrity. We deserve something better to get hooked on."[79][80]

Book challenges

The Twilight series made the number five spot on the American Library Association's (ALA) Top Ten List of the Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2009, for being "Sexually Explicit", "Unsuited to Age Group", and having a "Religious Viewpoint".[81]

Film adaptations

A screenplay for Twilight was written by Melissa Rosenberg and has been adapted into a film by Summit Entertainment. The film was directed by Catherine Hardwicke, with Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson in the leading roles of Isabella Swan and Edward Cullen, respectively. The movie was released in the United States on November 21, 2008.[82] Twilight: The Complete Illustrated Movie Companion, written by Mark Cotta Vaz, was released October 28.[83]

On November 22, 2008, following the box office success of Twilight, Summit Entertainment confirmed a sequel, called The Twilight Saga: New Moon, based on the second book in the series, New Moon.[84] The film was released on November 20, 2009. The Twilight Saga: New Moon was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 20, 2010 through midnight release parties.[85] That same day, Summit Entertainment was release Twilight in Forks, a documentary about the primary setting of the Twilight series, Forks, Washington.[86] Topics Entertainment released its own documentary about Forks and the Twilight series on March 16, called Forks: Bitten by Twilight.[87]

The third installment in the series, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, was released on June 30, 2010.[88][89]

Conventions

While the Twilight series has been a visible presence in many conventions such as ComicCon, there have also been many conventions whose main focus has been on the Twilight series (books and films). Some notable conventions have been Twicon and a series of "Official Twilight Conventions" that are being held by Creation Entertainment.[90]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Twilight author Meyer to publish next book for free". Australia Times. 31 March 2010. http://www.australia-times.com.au/entertainment/article.php?id=2378. Retrieved 31 March 2010. 
  2. ↑ Hephzibah Anderson (2009-04-03). "Obama's 'Dreams,' Meyer's Vampires Capture 'Nibbie' Book Awards". Bloomberg.com. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=atco4IDHLk44&refer=home. Retrieved 2009-04-11. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Kids' Choice Awards 2009: Twilight". Nickelodeon. http://www.nick.com/kids-choice-awards/twilight-books.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-04-23. 
  4. ↑ John A. Sellers (2010-03-30). "New Stephenie Meyer Novella Arriving in June". Publishers Weekly. http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/454614-New_Stephenie_Meyer_Novella_Arriving_in_June.php. Retrieved 2010-03-30. 
  5. ↑ Kenneth Turan (2002-11-21). "Movie Review: 'Twilight'". LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-twilight21-2008nov21,0,2444525.story. Retrieved 2008-11-21. 
  6. ↑ Khalaf, Hala (2009-06-26). "'Twilight' arrives in the Arabic world". The National 2 (71): p. 4. http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090626/NATIONAL/706259813. Retrieved 2009-09-05. 
  7. ↑ Mary Cadden (2008-01-15). "New star authors made, old ones rediscovered in 2008". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-01-14-top-sellers-side_N.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-16. 
  8. ↑ Lev Grossman (2009-11-13). "It's Twilight in America". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1938712-1,00.html. Retrieved 2009-11-13. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Sperling, Nicole (2008-12-10). "'Twilight' sequel: New details on 'New Moon'". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/twilight-sequel.html?iid=top25-Twilight%27+sequel%3A+New+details+on+%27New+Moon. Retrieved 2009-03-26. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Kirschling, Gregory (August 2, 2007). "Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone". EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20049578,00.html. Retrieved December 11, 2008. 
  11. ↑ Meadows, Bob; Kari Lydersen (September 8, 2008). "Stephenie Meyer: Written in Blood". People 70 (10). http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20230708,00.html. Retrieved December 11, 2008. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A. (August 10, 2007). "Booksellers Find Life After Harry In a Vampire Novel". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB118670290131693667-lMyQjAxMDE3ODA2OTcwMDkyWj.html. Retrieved 2008-12-11. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Margolis, Rick (October 1, 2005). "Love at First Bite". http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6260602.html. Retrieved December 11, 2008. 
  14. ↑ "BookStories Interview with Stephenie Meyer". August 2006. http://chbookstore.qwestoffice.net/fa2006-08.html. Retrieved December 12, 2008. 
  15. ↑ Horng, Eric (August 19, 2007). "Will New Bestseller 'Eclipse' Harry Potter?". ABC News. http://www.abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3499052. Retrieved 2008-12-12. 
  16. ↑ Proctor, Maurine (August 8, 2008). "Stephenie Meyer's Twilight". Meridian. http://www.meridianmagazine.com/books/080806vampire.html. Retrieved December 11, 2008. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 Grossman, Lev (April 24, 2008). "Stephenie Meyer: A New J.K. Rowling?". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1734838,00.html. Retrieved December 12, 2008. 
  18. ↑ Mills, Tony-Allen (August 10, 2008). "News Review interview: Stephenie Meyer". The Times (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article4492238.ece. Retrieved 2008-12-12. 
  19. ↑ Walker, Michael R. (2007). "A Teenage Tale With Bite". BYU Magazine. http://magazine.byu.edu/?act=view&a=1972. Retrieved 2008-08-01. 
  20. ↑ Cecelia Goodnow (2007-07-19). "Harry Potter and the Last Flight". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. http://www.seattlepi.com/books/324158_harry19.html. Retrieved 2009-04-27. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Irwin, Megan (July 11, 2007). "Charmed". http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/2007-07-12/news/charmed. Retrieved 2008-12-08. 
  22. ↑ "Best Sellers: Children's Books". The New York Times. August 12, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/12/books/bestseller/0812bestchildren.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink. Retrieved December 12, 2008. 
  23. ↑ Jacks, Brian (August 4, 2008). "'Breaking Dawn' Sells 1.3 Million Copies in One Day". MTV.com. http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/08/04/breaking-dawn-sells-13-million-copies-in-one-day. Retrieved 2008-08-09. 
  24. ↑ Milliot, Jim (August 4, 2008). "'Breaking Dawn' Breaks Hachette Records". Publishers Weekly. http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6584007.html?nid=2286&source=title&rid=&q=twilight. Retrieved 2008-10-18. 
  25. ↑ Meyer, Stephenie (July 7, 2008). "Breaking Dawn". http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/breakingdawn.html. Retrieved December 12, 2008. 
  26. ↑ Bob Minzesheimer and Anthony DeBarros (2009-01-15). "Sellers basked in Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' in 2008". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2009-01-14-top-sellers-main_N.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-15. 
  27. ↑ Meyer, Stephenie. Interview with Nicole Sperlin. Twilight (part 3) (Video). EW.com. November 21, 2008. Retrieved on December 12, 2008.
  28. ↑ StephenieMeyer.com | Twilight series | Midnight Sun partial draft
  29. ↑ Meyer, Stephenie (August 28, 2008). "Midnight Sun". http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/midnightsun.html. Retrieved December 12, 2008. 
  30. ↑ Weiss, Sabrina Rojas (August 12, 2008). "'Twilight' Tuesday: Stephenie Meyer Answers Your Burning 'Breaking Dawn' Questions". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1592582/story.jhtml. Retrieved 2008-10-22. 
  31. ↑ Exclusive: Twilight: The Graphic Novel
  32. ↑ [1]
  33. ↑ http://www.loc.gov/bookfest/2006/authors/meyer.html
  34. ↑ "'Twilight' takes place in Forks, Wash". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 2005-10-04. http://www.seattlepi.com/books/243214_tf204.html. Retrieved 2009-08-16. 
  35. ↑ Amanda Craig (2006-01-14). "New-Age vampires stake their claim". London: The Times. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/children/article1081930.ece. Retrieved 2009-04-14. 
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  43. ↑ Josh Horowitz (2008-11-10). "President-Elect Obama Reads 'Twilight,' So Is He Team Edward Or Team Jacob?". MTV. http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/11/10/president-elect-obama-reads-twilight-so-is-he-team-edward-or-team-jacob/. Retrieved 2009-04-14. 
  44. ↑ Dan McLaughlin (2009-06-20). "In Praise of Kelly Clarkson: Democracy’s Pop Star". The New Ledger. http://newledger.com/2009/06/in-praise-of-kelly-clarkson-democracys-pop-star/. Retrieved 2009-09-24. 
  45. ↑ Cheryl Brody (2008-03-13). "emily osment reviews her favorite book!". Cosmo Girl. http://www.cosmogirl.com/entertainment/book-club/emily-osment-twilight-bookreview. Retrieved 2009-09-24. 
  46. ↑ http://celebrities.ninemsn.com.au/blog.aspx?blogentryid=430255&showcomments=true
  47. ↑ Shaheen, Kareem (2009-09-12). "Search for a new chapter in Arabic youth fiction". The National 2 (149): p. 4. http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090912/NATIONAL/709119793/1010. Retrieved 2009-09-12. 
  48. ↑ Bob Minzesheimer (2007-08-15). "Vampire tale takes bite out of 'Potter'". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2007-08-15-eclipse_N.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-14. 
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  50. ↑ Julie Bosman (2008-08-02). "Book Stokes Vampire Feverat Stores' Parties". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/02/books/02meyer.html. Retrieved 2009-08-16. 
  51. ↑ Matt Arado (2008-07-29). "Hype, excitement building for 'Twilight' finale 'Breaking Dawn'". Daily Herald. http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=223385. Retrieved 2009-08-16. 
  52. ↑ Merrill, Julie (May 1, 2008). "The Twilight Phenomenon". bookstove.com. http://www.bookstove.com/Fantasy/The-Twilight-Phenomenon.117474. Retrieved December 7, 2008. 
  53. ↑ Green, Heather (July 31, 2008). "The Online Fan World of the Twilight Vampire Books". BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_32/b4095044373786.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-07. 
  54. ↑ "Profile - Stephenie Meyer: the million-dollar vampire mom". London: The Daily Telegraph. 2008-11-27. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/3531403/Profile---Stephanie-Meyer-the-million-dollar-vampire-mom.html. Retrieved 2009-08-16. 
  55. ↑ Rebekah Bradford (2008-11-23). "'Twilight' lightning for publishing". The Post and Courier. http://www.postandcourier.com/news/2008/nov/23/twilight_lightning_publishing62622/. Retrieved 2009-08-16. 
  56. ↑ Carroll, Larry (April 10, 2008). "'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer Sees J.K. Rowling As Kindred Spirit". MTV Movies Blog. http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/04/10/twilight-author-stephenie-meyer-sees-jk-rowling-as-kindred-spirit/. Retrieved December 7, 2008. 
  57. ↑ Crystal Mack (2008-07-28). "Local libraries prepping for 'Twilight' finale". Daily Herald. http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=223445. Retrieved 2009-08-16. 
  58. ↑ "Twilight vampire series author Stephenie Meyer hailed as new JK Rowling". London: Daily Telegraph. 2009-03-04. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/4938307/Twilight-vampire-series-author-Stephenie-Meyer-hailed-as-new-JK-Rowling.html. Retrieved 2009-08-16. 
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  61. ↑ Greydanus, Steven D. (2008). "Twilight Appeal: The cult of Edward Cullen and vampire love in Stephenie Meyer's novels and the new film". http://www.decentfilms.com/sections/articles/twilight.html. Retrieved December 8, 2008. 
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  85. ↑ Steve Weintraub (2010-01-15). "High Resolution DVD/Blu-ray Cover Art from The Twilight Saga: New Moon - Plus What Extras Are Included". Collider.com. http://www.collider.com/2010/01/15/high-resolution-blu-ray-cover-art-from-the-twilight-saga-new-moon-plus-what-extras-are-included/. Retrieved 2010-01-16. 
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  89. ↑ "'Eclipse' opening breaks record for biggest single-day Wednesday opening". http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2010/07/01/eclipse-opening-breaks-records/. Retrieved 2010-07-02. 
  90. ↑ http://www.creationent.com/cal/twilight_az.htm

External links

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